| # SQL Client Help File

Contents
Introduction
Installation
Command Line Options
How to Connect to a Database
The Driver
The Alias
Connecting
Executing SQL
Editing the SQL Results
The Contents Tab and Editing Data
Viewing Data in the Contents Tab
Enabling Editing
Setting the Format and Editing Mode
How To Edit
Inserting and Deleting Rows
Using the Popup Window
Editing Within the Popup
Import, Export and Editing with an External Command
Limitations
Summary of How it works (and why you may care)
Quirks,Oddities and Known Bugs and workarounds
Data Types
Printing
Global Preferences
New Session and Session Properties
Scripting
Data Import
Plugins
Logs
Menus
File Menu
Drivers Menu
Aliases Menu
Plugins Menu
Session Menu
Windows Menu
Help Menu

## Introduction

SQuirreL SQL Client is a graphical Java program that will allow you to view the structure of a JDBC compliant database, browse the data in tables, issue SQL commands etc. You need to be running at least version 1.5 of Java for SQuirreL version 2.4 and higher. See the Old Versions page for SQuirreL downloads that will work with older versions of Java.

It is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License.

## Installation

The installer has been created using the IzPack Java Installer. Download the file `squirrel-sql-<version>-install.jar` and execute it with the command:

    java -jar squirrel-sql-<version>-install.jar

On some operating systems (currently Windows NT, 2000 and XP) a shortcut will be created in the menu system. For Windows the file `squirrel-sql.bat` will run the application. For Unix the file is `squirrel-sql.sh`. The `squirrel-sql.jar` file is executable so on those operating systems that support it you can run SQuirrel by double clicking `squirrel-sql.jar`. You can also run it by issuing the following command:

    java -jar squirrel-sql.jar

Just remember that when executing the jar file directly you don't use your current class path ($CLASSPATH on Unix or %CLASSPATH% on Windows) so if you have your JDBC drivers in your class path then SQuirreL won't see them. See The Driver for more information.

Some people have reported core dumps with the Sun JDK1.3.1 running under Linux. If this happens passing the -classic flag to the java executable appears to fix the problem. No similar problems have been reported with any other JDK on Linux.

## Command Line Options

The behavior of SQuirreL can be changed by passing various arguments to it.

    squirrel-sql.sh [options]
    or
    squirrel-sql.bat [options]

    Options:
     -userdir,--user-settings-dir <userdir>   User settings directory
     -level,--log-level					      Minimum log level
     -home,--squirrel-home <home>             SQuirreL home directory
     -n,--native-laf                          Use native look and feel
     -nop,--no-plugins                        Don't load plugins
     -nos,--no-splash                         Don't display splash screen
     -m,--use-default-metal-theme             Use default metal theme
     -h,--help                                Display Help and exit

`-userdir` specifies where SQuirreL stores its per-user settings such as application preferences etc. This defaults to `<home>/squirrel-sql`.

`-home` specifies the directory that SQuirreL was installed into. It is setup during the installation process. You should never need to change this argument.

## How to Connect to a Database

There are two pieces of information you need to supply to connect to a database; the driver definition and the alias. The driver definition specifies the JDBC driver to use and the alias specifies the connection parameters.

### The Driver

A number of default driver definitions ship with SQuirreL. These are added to the Drivers List window (View Drivers option on the Windows menu) when you first start up SQuirreL.

The icon next to a driver definition indicates that it has been successfully loaded while the icon indicates that the JDBC driver could not be loaded and so cannot be used to connect to a database.

The toolbar button launches an external web browser with the website URL associated with the currently selected driver definition.

All of the default driver definitions assume that the JDBC driver classes are in the current class path or in your JRE extensions directory (consult the documentation for your Java implementation for more information on this). If this is not the case you will need to modify the driver definition to point to the jar file or the classes directory that contains these classes.

You can create new driver definitions using the New Driver option on the Drivers menu, or by clicking the toolbar icon

This is an example of a driver definition. This dialog can be displayed by selecting a driver definition in the Drivers List window and then selecting the Modify Driver option from the Drivers menu.

The Name text field specifies an easy to remember name for the database driver definition and is the text shown in the Drivers List window.

The Example URL shows an example URL for this driver. This can be found in the documentation that comes with the driver. This is only an example URL, the actual URL is defined in the alias.

The Website URL allows you to store a link to the database vendor's website for JDBC driver documentation.

The JDBC Driver Class Path allows you to select a JDBC driver that is in a jar file or a directory.

The Class Name specifies the class name of the JDBC driver. Either select an existing entry in the dropdown or key in the class name of the JDBC driver (it can normally be found in the documentation that comes with the driver).

The Add button will display a File Open dialog allowing you to select one or more jar files or directories. The Delete button allows you to remove a jar file or directory from the list. The Up and Down buttons allow you to change the sequence of the entries. The List Drivers button will place the class names of all the JDBC drivers into the Class Name dropdown.

Press the OK button to save the driver definition and close the window or the Close button to close the window without saving any changes.

Pressing the List Drivers button will place the class names of all the JDBC drivers found in the class path into the Class Name dropdown control.

The entries in the Java Class path tab show the directories and jars in SQuirreL's class path. Note that SQuirreL does not ship drivers and that driver libs (jars) should not be copied into SQuirreL's class path. but instead should be added to the JDBC Driver Class Path and should be kept outside your SQuirreL installation directory.

### The Alias

Now you need to create an alias for your database. An alias is a descriptive name that is associated with connection details necessary to login to an interactive session with your database.

Display the Aliases List window (View Aliases option on the Windows menu). When you run SQuirreL for the first time this window will be empty.

You can create new aliases using New Alias option from the Aliases menu, or by clicking the toolbar icon. The following "Add Alias" dialog will be displayed :

Enter an easy to remember name in the Name field for this database connection Alias. This is the text that will be displayed in the Aliases List Window.

Select the driver for this alias from the Driver dropdown or click on the New button to create a new driver definition.

Enter the JDBC connection URL that is used to connect to your database (Consult the documentation for the JDBC driver that you are using. Each driver's JDBC connection URL has a slightly different form. You will see an error message when you attempt to connect to your database if the JDBC URL isn't correct.)

Optionally enter a user name if you want the alias to default to a specific user. A password is also optional here. Caution: if a password is entered, although it is obscured (****) when displayed here, it is saved in an unencrypted file in clear text in the user's home directory. Also note that username and password are required if "Auto Logon" is selected.

The Test button will allow you to attempt to connect to your alias to ensure that the parameters you have entered are correct.

Press the OK button to save the alias definition and close the window or the Close button to close the window without saving any changes.

The Properties button ( ) in the alias dialog window allows you to configure alias properties such as which schemas to load into the Object Tree. This is will reduce the time that it takes to populate the Object Tree after connecting/refreshing for databases like Oracle. There are three types of objects that can be selected to be loaded, loaded and cached, or not loaded at all for each schema. The Alias Properties dialog is displayed below:

The Connect database to refresh Schema table button will load all schemas from the database into the table for customization.

Driver Properties Tab - this tab allows you to configure the driver properties that will be used when an alias connects to the database. Driver properties are a way that JDBC vendors can give access to database-specific settings that alter the characteristics of the database connection and the session resulting from that connection. For example, Oracle provides properties that allow you to configure an SSL protected connection to keep your data from traversing a network in the clear. The set of available properties shown in this tab is reported to SQuirreL by the JDBC driver, so if any appear to be missing, check the vendor's documentation and/or file a bug report with that vendor. Of course, you may also add and remove properties by right-clicking anywhere in the table and accessing the context menu. The following image shows an alias for Oracle and some of the driver properties that it supports:

Color Tab - this tab allows you to configure a custom background color for some parts of SQuirreL to give a visual clue about the session. This is primarily useful when you have multiple aliases to the same type of database, for example, one for test and one for production. SQuirreL makes it easy to connect to multiple databases simultaneously, and since the sessions can appear to be very similar, it is easy to mistake one for another. Using this tab, you can, for example, give your production database alias a background color of red or orange to denote caution, whereas a development database alias could be given a color of green or blue to indicate that it's data is safe to modify/destroy. The following image shows an alias whose background color is light red to indicate that caution should be used:

The following image shows what the color configuration above looks like for a new session created from this alias:

Connection Tab - this tab allows you to configure an SQL statement to execute periodically in the background. This can help keep the session connection alive for firewalls that terminate connections due to inactivity. There is no support for working with data returned from the SQL statement so any data returned will be ignored. Therefore, the SQL statement should be a valid, idempotent one that is not resource intensive (Execution errors will be reported in the squirrel-sql.log). Note that the statement separator (";" or "GO") should be omitted here. The period between executions of the SQL statement is specified in seconds. The following image shows an example configuration for the Oracle database with a commonly used SQL statement for testing Oracle connections:

Oracle Tab - this tab serves to customize schema loading for Oracle. The Oracle database driver returns metadata that lists all objects (schemas and their objects) in the database, even those that the connected user doesn't have permission to access in any meaningful way. This can cause a session connection to take a long time to initialize as SQuirreL runs through all of the objects reported by the driver to populate the object tree. SQuirreL employs a strategy to help reduce this initialization time by giving you the ability to limit the schemas being loaded to just the ones that the user has access to. This tab provides customizations that work together with the Schemas tab previously introduced above. Instructions are provided that describe each setting's behavior. The following image shows this tab:

### Alias Organization

As more aliases are added, it can become difficult to locate the desired alias to use or modify. To help organize the aliases in the alias window, they can be grouped into folders or even nested folders. In order to turn this capability on, you must right-click anywhere in the alias window and select the menu item "View Aliases in tree". The following image shows what the popup menu in the aliases window looks like:

After enabling alias tree mode, you can add folders to contain the aliases and nest folders within folders. For example:

### Connecting

The new alias should now appear in the Connect To dropdown. Select it in the dropdown and enter your user name and password in the connection dialog, press OK and you should be connected.

## Session Window

When you first connect to a database a Session window will be shown.

The Object Tree on the left shows the structure of the database. Clicking on various nodes within this object tree will show further information in the detail panel on the right. In this example the database metadata is shown. Clicking on the title of a column will sort the display by the data in that column. This is true of all tabular displays in SQuirreL.

This shows the data displayed when a table is selected in the Object Tree.

## Executing SQL

SQL can be executed from the SQL tab in the window that opens once you have connected to an alias. Multiple statements can be executed and the results will be displayed in multiple tabs below the SQL entry area.

When the SQL tab is selected pressing `<ctrl><enter>`, taking the Execute SQL option from the Session menu or pressing the Execute SQL button in the session window tool bar will execute the entered SQL.

If a single statement is entered then pressing `<ctrl><enter>` will execute just that statement.

If you only want to execute part of the SQL entered then highlight the SQL that you want to execute and press `<ctrl><enter>`.

To only execute a single statement amongst several statements (separated from the other statements by at least one blank line) within the SQL entry area then click on the line containing the statement that you want to execute and press `<ctrl><enter>`.

The characters -- at the beginning of a line will turn it into a comment.

As can be seen in the above screen shot, double clicking in a cell in the query results will open up a new window showing the entire contents of the cell.

Plugins can add many functions to the SQL editor. The tools popup shows all of these functions and allows the user to execute them. The functions in the popup may be filtered by typing the name of the filter into the filter text field. The tools popup can be opened by pressing `<Ctrl>-t`. A picture of the tools popup dialog is show below.

The icon on the tabbed folder containing the SQL results allow you to "tear off" the query results from the tabbed folder and display it in its own window.

## SQL History

Every SQL statement that is successfully executed is also added to the drop-down history list, which is shown below.

This list can then be used to find and re-execute previously executed statements. The drop-down list allows you to pick the SQL statement, and clicking the blue arrow ( ) will copy the statement into the editor. Additionally, the history list can be searched using the SQL History dialog which is accessed by the icon ( ) which is next to the blue arrow. The SQL History window is shown below.

### Editing Data in the SQL Results Tables

The data displayed within the SQL Results may be edited in the same manner as the data within the Contents Tab. You should read that section to understand the capabilities and limitations of data editing, including the use of the Popup window to import and export data. In addition, there are two things that you need to know about editing in the SQL Results:

1. To enable editing in the SQL Results tables, you must set the "SQL Results" entry in the Session Properties to "Editable Table".
2. Editing is only allowed when the SQL that was executed consists of:

               "SELECT <column list> FROM <single_table_name>"
                   or
               "SELECT <column list> FROM <single_table_name> WHERE ..."

   In addition, the name of the table must be unique within the entire DB. This means that if you have multiple catalogs or schemas which have that same table name defined in them, Squirrel cannot determine which to use and thus will not allow data to be updated in the DB. (Squirrel is just a bit stupid on this point: it will let you edit the data, and then tell you that it cannot update the DB when you exit the cell being changed.)

## The Contents Tab and Editing Data

SQuirreL allows you to easily view and change the data in a single table. Data may be changed just by typing the new values when you are viewing the table in the Contents tab under the Objects view. The data may also be viewed and edited in a larger popup window, which has more capabilities, by double-clicking on the cell. There are some small differences between the in-cell editing and editing in the Popup, so be sure to read the Using the Popup Window information.

### Viewing Data in the Contents Tab

After connecting to a database, you may view the data in a single table by using the Contents Tab.

To get to the contents tab, first select the Objects view. Next, look under the tree in the window on the left. The exact organization of this window is different for each DBMS, so you may have to do a bit of exploring. What you are looking for is a list of table names, and they are usually found under a heading labeled "TABLE" or "TABLES". The "TABLE" heading may itself be under another heading, such as the name of the database instance. When you find the list of table names, click on the name of the table that you wish to view, and then in the window on the right click on the tab labeled "Contents".

The data in the table will be displayed in rows and columns based on the format selected (see Setting the Format and Editing Mode).

The column ordering is the order of the rows in the table definition. That order may be changed by drag-and-drop, which means clicking on the column header and holding the mouse button down while dragging the column horizontally to another location. Columns are initially displayed with a moderate width so that you can see a reasonable amount of data in as many columns as possible within the limited window space. You may increase or decrease a column's width by click-and-hold on the space between two columns, then moving the mouse left or right to change the column widths.

The rows are initally unordered. However, after retrieving the data, you may sort the rows based on the values in a column by single-clicking on a column header. That will sort the rows into an order with the values in the selected columns starting with the "smallest" value. Clicking on the same column header again will reverse the order ("largest" first). You can limit the number of rows retrieved (see the Session Properties, Object Tree).

There are a few special cases for how data is displayed.

- If a cell contains Newlines (which is possible in the various VARCHAR and CLOB data types), the cell background is colored Cyan and the Newline characters are explicitly shown as "\n" (unless changed in the Data Type Controls). If the table is editable, the Cyan background means that the cell contents cannot be edited ina the cell as displayed in the table, but can be edited using the Popup window (see Using the Popup Window).
- BLOB (Binary Large OBject) and CLOB (Character Large Object) fields are initially displayed as "<Blob>" and "<Clob>" respecively. This is done for performance reasons, since those data types are often quite large. When you select the Blob or Clob field, the entire data is read in and displayed in the cell.
  Alternatively, you may use the Session Properties -> Format screen to limit the amount of the Blob/Clob data read and displayed when the Contents Tab is first displayed, in which case the number of characters you have selected will be displayed in each Blob or Clob cell. This may be necessary when the Blob or Clob contains data needed to identify specific rows in the table. When there is more Blob/Clob data for a cell than is displayed in that cell, an elipsis ("...") is added to the end of the displayed data so you know that the data has been truncated for display. As before, when you select the cell, the whole Blob or Clob will be read and displayed.

One word of warning. Some DBMSs that claim to have BLOB and CLOB data types actually implement those types using BINARY, VARCHAR, or other types of fields. In those cases, the cells will act as they would for the BINARY, VARCHAR, etc., data types, and not as described above for the BLOB/CLOB types. (There is a functional difference in that "real" BLOB/CLOB types return a "locator" or "reference" object rather than the actual data. Using the locator allows SQuirreL to defer reading the actual data until you need it rather than reading it all during the initial display of the Contents Tab.) To see if your DBMS uses real BLOB/CLOB types, go to the Objects view, then select the top element in the tree in the left window and "Data Types" in the right window. In the column labeled "DATA_TYPE", real BLOBs will have the value 2004 and real CLOBs will show 2005. If your DBMS does not have 2004 and 2005 listed under the "DATA_TYPE" field, then it does not support the BLOB/CLOB functionality provided by SQuirreL. As an example, the MySQL DBMS claims to support BLOBS, but in the "Data Types" table it shows that the "TYPE_NAME" of "BLOB" is actually using the "DATA_TYPE" of "-4 [LONGVARBINARY]", so a "BLOB" field in MySQL will be treated by SQuirreL as a LONGVARBINARY and not as a "BLOB".

### Enabling Editing

When SQuirreL is initially set up, the Contents Tab will be set in a read-only mode. This is a safety precaution. Once a table is made editable, changing the contents of a cell causes the database to be immediately updated. While extremely convenient, this is dangerous. With this capability enabled, it becomes very easy to accidentally destroy data, violate some consistancy checks, mis-direct references between tables, etc. On the other hand, the author of this feature runs with editing always enabled. It is simpler that way, but has the potential for disaster. You have been warned!

You can set SQuirreL so that tables are editable all the time, or you can enable editing on a specific table as you are working on it. Either option may be set as your default mode of operation, and either option may be selected for use on a specific table.

Editing may only be done in Contents tab in the Object view, not on the results of manually entered SQL queries run under the SQL view.

#### Setting the Format and Editing Mode

To set the default format and edting mode for the Contents Tab for new sessions take the New Session Properties option from the File and click on the General tab. The Table Contents dropdown list gives the following options:

Table
  The data in the Contents tab is a read-only table. You may click in any cell or tab through the table and any accidental typing you do will be ignored and not change the database. To enable editing on this table, click on the right mouse button and select the Make Editable option. This makes that table and only that table editable.

Text
  The data in the Contents tab is shown as simple formatted text and is read-only. To enable editing on this table, ;click on the right mouse button and select the Make Editable option. This makes the table and only that table editable

Editable Table
  The data in the Contents tab is an editable table. Changes made to the data in this view are made to the database.

After you have connected with a database, you may change the format or editing mode for the data in the Contents tab by the Session Properties option from the Session and clicking on the General tab and changing the selection for Table Contents.

Note that the individual data items may be displayed in different formats as described in "Data Type Controls" .

### How To Edit

Here is how to edit data in the table:

1. Connect to the database.
2. Select a table in the object tree and select the Contents tab to view the data.
3. Make sure the table is editable. See Setting the Format and Editing Mode above.
4. Select the cell that you want to edit. This may be done either by using the keyboard (tab and enter keys) to move around the table to reach the cell, or you may click on the cell with the mouse. Note that if a cell cannot be edited (see Limitations) you may select the cell, but you will not be allowed to edit the data. When a cell is being edited, its background will change to Yellow to let you know that you may be changing the contents of the database. Cells with a Cyan background may be edited only by using the Popup window (see Using the Popup Window).
5. If you select the cell using the mouse, the background immediately turns Yellow and the cursor is set to the place where you clicked in the cell. If you select the cell by using the tab or enter keys, the background remains white until you type the first character to be added (or use the delete key). That character is added to (or deleted from) the end of the text displayed in the cell, and the cell background changes to Yellow.
6. Change the data in the cell to look the way that you want it to. Editing is done in the usual way by typing characters, using delete to erase, and using the mouse to select a point to insert or characters to delete. There are a couple of specialized features that are described later in this section.
7. When the data in the cell looks the way you want, leave the cell by pressing the tab key, the enter key, or clicking on another cell with the mouse. This causes the data in that cell to be updated in the DB.

If the data in the cell gets really messed up and you are confused about what is going on, press the <delete> key until the original data appears (see below). If that doesn't work then immediately close the database connection without leaving the cell (`<ctrl>W` or click the close button). This will abort the operation and avoid changing the DB.

If the cell contains a NULL value, that is shown as the string "<null>". To change that to a non-null value, just type the new data. When you enter the first character of the data, the "<null>" will be replaced by that character.
NOTE: This means that SQuirreL will not allow you to enter a string with the value "<null>" into a nullable column, since that string will be interpreted by SQuirreL to be the null value. Also, if you have a field in the database containing the string "<null>", do not edit that field using SQuirreL since the value will be replaced by the null value.

To change the value of a nullable cell to NULL, just delete all of the data in that cell. When you delete all of the data in a cell, the contents of the cell will be set to "<null>". Since the VARCHAR data types allow a non-null empty string, for those cells you must delete all of the data so that the cell is blank, and then press delete. The VARCHAR cell will then be set to <null>.

If a cell is not nullable, deleting the last character in the cell will leave the cell blank. You may then enter new data for the cell.

To restore the cell to its original value, delete all of the data in the cell, then press the delete key one more time. This will cause the cell to be reset to its original value. For cells that allow nulls, continually pressing the delete key causes a cycle:

original data -> delete data -> <null> -> original data

and for cells that do not allow nulls:

original data -> delete data -> blank cell -> original data

Thus, if you mess up the contents of a cell, repeatedly press the delete key until you see the original data reappear.

When leaving the cell, if the cell data is identical to the original contents of the cell, the DB will not be updated.

### Inserting and Deleting Rows

You may easily insert or delete rows in the table using the Contents Tab For both operations the table must be editable (see Enabling Editing )

To insert a row into the table, click the right mouse button, and choose the "Insert row" option from the menu This brings up a separate window showing the columns of the table with two rows The first row contains the data to be filled i with default values as defined for the table's column already filled in The second row shows information about the field including the type of data, the field length (if known), and so forth You should edit the values in the first row in the same way that you would if that row already existed in the table When the data in the row is the way you want it, click the "OK" button to have the row entered into the table

If there are no rows in the table when you open the Contents Tab clicking the right mouse button brings up a menu with only the "Insert Row option You may use this in the normal manner to enter the first row in the table

To delete one or more rows from the table select the rows to be deleted, then click the right mouse button an choose the "Delete Rows" option from the menu

### Using the Popup Window

#### Editing within the Popup

When you double-click in a cell, a Popup window is displayed. For simple data (e.g. integers, floats, or simple strings) you will be able to edit the data directly in the cell, but there are some times when you will need to use the Popup:

- when the data is too long to comfortably work with in the space provided by the cell
- when the data contains newlines or tabs (which are used as control characters by the in-cell editor and are not displayed correctly there)
- when the data must be represented in a complex way, such as needing multiple lines (e.g. an Array type)
- when the data is potentially so large or complex that loading it into the table cells in a printable form might significantly delay the display of the table. In this case, the cell may display just the name of the data type, something like "<Blob>", while the Popup window would show the actual contents of that field.

For these reasons the data may not be editable in the cell but still be editable in the Popup. If the data is not editable in the cell (i.e. the background does not change color when you click on it), you will need to bring up the Popup window to know whether the data can be edited there.

To use the Popup, double-click in the cell to start the Popup, then edit the text in the text window. Editing uses the same mechanism as the in-cell editing where repeatedly typeing the backspace key eventually restores the original data in the window. One difference from the in-cell editing is that, depending on the data type being displayed, you may enter newline and tab characters into strings when in the Popup. When you are done editing, click on the "Update DB" button to put the changed data into the Database. The "Cancel" button closes the Popup without changing the Database.

For Binary data types, the data may be changed from the default Hex representation into Decimal, Octal or Binary formats. You may also choose to view bytes of data that correspond to printable ASCII characters as the character rather than in their numeric form. This may be useful if the file contains strings, in which case you could see "ContentsTab.java" instead of "43 6f 6e 74 65 6e 74 73 54 61 62 2e 6a 61 76 61".

The Popup window provides line-wrap and word-wrap functions. These are accessed in the menu brought up by right-clicking in the text area. Both of these options are toggle-switches that flip from on to off or off to on each time you click on them. The word-wrap function operates only when the line-wrap function is on.

#### Import, Export and Editing with an External Command

The Popup window also allows you to import data into a cell, export data from the cell to a file, and operate on the data using an external command.

Importing data into a cell:
  Enter the name of the file containing the data in the "File:" field, then click on "Import".
Exporting data from the cell into a file:
  Enter the name of the target file in the "File:" field, then click on "Export". Note that the default value of the "File:" field is "<Temp File>", and if you do not change that entry the system will put the data into a new temp file and tell you the name of that file after it has been written.
Operating on the data with an External Command:
  This function provides a single-click operation to export the data to a file, operate on that file with an external process (e.g. MS Word, VI, various graphical editors, etc.), then read the result back from the file when editing is completed. To do this you must:
  Enter a file name in the "File:"
    field or leave it set to "<Temp File>". If you leave it set to "<Temp File>", a temporary file will be created for you. If you enter your own file name, be warned that the file will be deleted after the data is read back when editing is completed.
  Enter a command in the "Command:" field.
    This field is a Combo box where the drop-down list contains all of the commands you have used for editing other fields, so you can just choose one of them. The command will typically need the name of the file to edit. This may be done by using "%f" where you want the name of the file to go in that command, so, for example, instead of typing:

                           xterm -e vi myfilename

    you could type

                           xterm -e vi %f

    which makes the command more general and avoids the need for you to edit the command for each file.
  Click on "Execute".
    This causes the cell data to be exported to the selected file and the command to be executed. When the external process exits, SQuirreL imports the data from that same file back into the popup and deletes the file. IMPORTANT: SQuirreL does NOT automatically update the database with this data. To put the edited data into the database, click on the "Update DB" button.

  Note: SQuirrel does not provide a window for the command to operate in, so you may need to provide for that as part of the command. For example, to run VI on Linux you may need to enter the command:

              xterm -e vi %f

  to have VI run in a window visible to you. If you just enter "vi %f" as the command, you will not get a window to operate in. Other commands (e.g. gimp) provide their own windows, so the extra step will not be necessary for them.

In all of the above cases, the entries you make in the "File:" and "Command" fields will be associated with that column so that you do not need to re-type them the next time that you edit that field. You may, of course, change those values at any time.

Also, if you just want to set the default values for a particular column, you can enter the "File:" and "Command:" field information and click on "Apply".

### Limitations

Some DBMSs implement "standard" data types in non-standard ways For example, we know that many DBMSs claim to implement the BLOB data type but they actually store that data using a BINARY or LONGVARBINARY field SQuirreL uses the actual data type as defined in the DATA_TYPE field in the Columns tab for the table, not the TYPE_NAME Thus it is possible that you may think you are working with one type of data but actually using something else so controls and limitations on specific data type (e.g. limiting the data read when loading the Contents tab may not work as expected.

SQuirreL allows editing only on cells that are defined using the basic standard SQL data type (see Data Types) If your DBMS provides other data types, you can create a plug-in that supports the (see the file net/sourceforge/squirrel_sql/fw/datasetviewer/cellcomponent/CellComponentFactory for more information)

Some attempt has been made to validate user input for each of the types. For example, INTEGER fields allow only digits and '-' as input. However, not all of the necessary information is supplied by all DBMSs, so we cannot do a complete validation of user input in all cases. For example, we cannot check that a value entered for a SMALLINT field will fit into a SMALLINT column in a specific DBMS. Also, the drivers for each DBMS provide different amounts of information for the same field type in different situation, and SQuirreL cannot validate the input when such data is missing The "validation of last resort" is done when we try to do an update on the DB. The DBMS either succeeds or it fails, and if there is an error we display that message to the user with the information that the DB has not been updated.

VARCHAR fields containing tabs or newlines may only be edited in the Popup window Fields that can only be edited in the Popup are displayed with a cyan background

VARCHAR fields that may be set to null cannot be set to the string value "<null> " (without the quotes). VARCHAR fields in the database may include that value as long as you do not try to edit them

Tables with a large number of columns or with a column containing a very long value (not includeing BLOB/CLOB data types) may get an error when trying to update the DB because the WHERE clause is too long. In this case you should open the table in a session, go to the Session menu in the main window, and select the entry "Limit cell edit WHERE clause size" That tool lets you specify which columns SQuirrel should use in the WHERE clause when doing the requested update on the cell contents See Session Menu .

### Summary of How it works (and why you may care)

The DB updates are based on the assumption that the list of DB column names and their values for the current row are unique, or if they are not unique, that all of the rows with those values are to be updated in the DB. For example, if you have a database with columns a, b, and c, and in a particular row you have the values

        a=34  b='your name'  c=55

and you change column c to be 66, then SQuirreL does the following:

1. Query the DB for how many rows contain a=34, b='your name', and c=55. If there are more than one, then the update will affect all of those rows, so SQuirreL asks if you want to do that before continuing.
2. Query the DB for how many rows contain a=34, b='your name' and c=66. If there are any existing rows with those values, changing the current row to c=66 will make the current row identical to the existing row(s), so SQuirreL asks if you want to do that before continuing.
3. Create and execute the following:

    update <table> set c=66 where
        a=34 and b='your name' and c=55

To help distinguish rows that are similar to each other, any DBMS that provides a pseudo-column to uniquely identify each row (such as Oracle's ROWID) has that pseudo-column included in all querys.

The problem with this is that some columns cannot be differentiated in this way, most notably BLOBs and CLOBs. Thus, if your table contains BLOB or CLOB columns, SQuirreL may think that rows are identical because all of the non-BLOB/CLOB fields are identical, but the rows are actually not the same because the contents of the BLOB/CLOB fields differ. This could lead to "erroneous" warning messages.

### Quirks, Oddities and Known Bugs and work-arounds

- After error or warning messages, the focus is lost. You will need to click on a cell in order to continue editing.
- When using the enter key to leave a cell, you must press it two times. The first time causes the data to be updated in the DB, but leaves you back in the same cell. Pressing enter again moves to the cell below the current one.
- Displaying all records in large tables (> 10000 rows) is memory and cpu intensive and can cause SQuirreL to attempt to allocate more memory than it is configured to use by default (256 MB). If this is a problem, you can increase the memory that SQuirreL is allowed to use by editing the launch script (squirrel-sql.bat for Windows, squirrel-sql.sh for Linux/MacOS X). Search for -Xmx256m in the script and change it to something appropriately higher (For example, -Xmx512m (512 MB) or -Xmx1024m (1 GB)). This setting should not be greater than the physical RAM you have installed on the machine that SQuirreL is being run on. Setting it too high can cause the Java VM that SQuirreL runs in not to start.
- Records that contain large BLOBs (> 500KB) are currently a big problem for SQuirreL. SQuirreL will attempt to render BLOB data as text by converting it to HEX. The conversion process is memory intensive, and so is displaying the HEX converted binary data. It is currently not practical to work with data in tables that contain BLOBs of size in excess of 500 KBs. When viewing/editing tables with small BLOBs, but many records, the maximum memory given to SQuirreL should be increased, using the procedure outlined in the previous bullet.

## Printing

Any data that is displayed in a Table may be printed. This includes all of the meta-data tables displayed in the Object View as well as the Contents Tab and SQL Results tables. To print, first make sure that the Session Properties for the type of information (Meta Data, Table Contents, or SQL Results) has been set to either "Table" or "Editable Table". Then, with the cursor over the table to be printed, click on the right mouse button and click on "Print". This will bring up a dialog box in which you can adjust the parameters of the print job. When you tell the dialog to print, the selected table will be printed.

Tables that are too wide or too long to fit onto one page will be printed across multiple pages that can be pieced together to show the entire table.

If the Session Properties for "Table Contents" or "SQL Results" have been set to "Text", then the data within the Contents Tab or SQL Results tables (respectively) may be copied and pasted into a separate window for printing.

## Data Types

This is a quick description of how SQuirreL handles various data types when displaying the results of SQL statements. SQuirreL uses the column type (ResultSetMetaData.getColumnType(...)) from the metadata for the result set to determine how to display the column.

java.sql.Types.NULL
  <Null> is displayed.
java.sql.Types.BOOLEAN and java.sql.Types.BIT
  If the retrieved column data is a java.lang.Boolean object then the appropriate true/false is displayed. If the retrieved column is a java.lang.Number then a non-zero value will display true while a zero value will display false. Otherwise the column data is converted to a string and if this string equals (ignoring case) "true" then true is displayed else false.
java.sql.Types.TIME
  A java.sql.Time object is retrieved from the result set and displayed in hh:mm:ss format.
java.sql.Types.DATE
  A java.sql.Date object is retrieved from the result set and displayed in yyyy-mm-dd format.
java.sql.Types.TIMESTAMP
  A java.sql.TimeStamp object is retrieved from the result set and displayed in yyyy-mm-dd hh:mm:ss.fffffffff format. WARNING: When updating any column in a row containing TIMESTAMP fields, the MySQL DBMS will automatically set the first TIMESTAMP field in the row to the current time. This is a "feature" of MySQL, and not a bug in SQuirreL.
java.sql.Types.BIGINT
  If the retrieved column type is a java.lang.Long or a java.lang.Number then it is stored as a java.lang.Long and displayed as a base ten signed long. Otherwise the column data is converted to a string which is then parsed as a base ten signed long.
java.sql.Types.DOUBLE, java.sql.Types.FLOAT, java.sql.Types.REAL
  If the retrieved column type is a java.lang.Double or a java.lang.Number then it is stored as a java.lang.Double and displayed as a string representation of the double. Otherwise the column data is converted to a string which is then parsed as a double.
java.sql.Types.DECIMAL, java.sql.Types.NUMERIC
  If the retrieved column type is a java.math.BigDecimal or a java.lang.Number then it is stored as a java.math.BigDecimal and displayed as a string representation of the BigDecimal. Otherwise the column data is converted to a string which is then parsed as a BigDecimal.
java.sql.Types.INTEGER, java.sql.Types.SMALLINT, java.sql.Types.TINYINT
  If the retrieved column type is a java.lang.Integer then it is stored as a java.lang.Integer and displayed as a string representation of the Integer. Otherwise the column data is converted to a string which is then parsed as a Integer.
java.sql.Types.CHAR, java.sql.Types.VARCHAR, java.sql.Types.LONGVARCHAR
  The column data is displayed as a string. Note that if the data includes a newline character, that particular data item cannot be edited in the cell within the table, but if you double-click on the cell to get the Popup window, you will be able to edit the data there.
java.sql.Types.BINARY, java.sql.Types.VARBINARY, java.sql.Types.LONGVARBINARY
  In the SQL tab the column data is displayed as a string. The ContentsTab in the Object view displays each byte using Hex format. In the Popup editing window, you may choose to display these in Hex, Decimal, Octal, or Binary, and you may choose to display values representing printable ASCII characters as those characters (e.g. to see strings embedded in the binary object).
java.sql.Types.BLOB
  If the Global Preferences, Data Type Controls says to retrieve blobs then the column data is displayed as bytes. Note that the Global Preferences, Data Type Controls can specify the number of bytes of the blob to read in during the initial setup of the ContentsTab table. If you do not specify a limit, the default operation is to not read in any data and to display "<Blob>" in the column. Clicking on an individual cell causes the entire BLOB data to be read and displayed at that time. Note: BLOB fields may be very large, and this can cause the Popup window to take some time to start up (e.g. 30 sec. for a BLOB containing a relatively small sized photo).
java.sql.Types.CLOB
  If the Global Preferences, Data Type Controls says to retrieve clobs then the column data is displayed as a string. Note that the Global Preferences, Data Type Controls can specify the number of characters of the clob to read in during the initial setup of the ContentsTab table. If you do not specify a limit, the default operation is to not read in any data and to display "<Clob>" in the column. Clicking on an individual cell causes the entire CLOB data to be read and displayed at that time.
java.sql.Types.OTHER
  If the Global Preferences, Data Type Controls says to retrieve columns of this type then the column data is displayed as a string.
Any other type
  If the Global Preferences, Data Type Controls says to retrieve all other data types then the column data is displayed as a string.

The JDBC specification (in file java.sql.Types) defines several codes whose semantics are not understood by SQuirreL: JAVA_OBJECT, DISTINCT, STRUCT, ARRAY, REF, and DATALINK. These are all handled as "Any other type" as described above.

## Global Preferences

Global Preferences specify configuration settings for the application.

The descriptions included here are for the tabs created by the core product and standard plugins (if standard plugins are installed). Optional Plugins may add other tabs to this window. See the Plugin-specific help for descriptions of the tabs added by that plugin.

### General Tab

#### General Tab (Appearance)

Use tabbed layout
  if selected each new session becomes a new tab, instead of having it's own internal window. An example of two sessions with SQuirreL configured for tabbed layout appears below (Note: in particular, notice that only one session window tab can be selected at a time leading to less clutter and zero internal window size management):

Use MDI Internal Frame layout
  if selected each new session becomes a new internal window (Multiple Document Interface). We refer to this as the "Classic" session layout interface as it has been around the longest. An example of the same two sessions with SQuirreL configured for MDI layout appears below:

Show Window Contents While Dragging
  If checked this shows the contents of windows as they are being dragged. If unchecked only the outline of the window will be shown. Uncheck for a speed improvement on slow machines.
Show Tooltips
  If checked then tooltips (or hints) will be shown when the mouse "hovers" over some controls.
Use Scrollable Tabbed Panes
  If checked will display the tabs in tabbed folders in a scrollable region rather than wrapping them when all tabs will not fit within a single run.

Stacked Tabs |  | Scrollable Tabs

Show Main Window Tool Bar
  If checked then the tool bar will be displayed in the main window.
Show Main Window Status Bar
  If checked then the status bar will be displayed in the main window.
Show Drivers Tool Bar
  If checked then the tool bar will be displayed in the Aliases Window.
Show Aliases Tool Bar
  If checked then the tool bar will be displayed in the Aliases Window.
Maximize Session Sheet on Open
  If checked then when a session is opened it will automatically maximize to the whole space available within the Squirrel window. If not checked, it is opened using a smaller part of the space.
Show Color Icons in Toolbars
  If checked then the icons in the toolbars are shown in color. If not checked, the icons are in black-and-white.

#### General Tab (Logging)

Execution Log File
  This (display only) setting tells you the name (and location) of the logging file for SQuirreL. If the file name is too long for the label then the full name will be displayed in a tooltip. For more information see Logs.
Configuration File
  This (display only) setting tells you the name (and location) of the logging configuration file for SQuirreL. If the file name is too long for the label then the full name will be displayed in a tooltip. For more information see Logs.

#### SQL Tab

#### SQL Tab (General)

Login Timeout
  Sets the maximum time in seconds that a JDBC driver will wait while attempting to connect to the database.
Large Scrip Statement Count
  This feature can dramatically improve UI responsiveness when executing many statements in large scripts (especially those with statement counts in the thousands). By default, a script is considered large if it has more than 200 SQL statements selected for execution in the script. When this is set to zero, large script execution support is disabled. Large script support consists of the following behavior during execution:
  - Only one message is written in the message panel at the bottom of the session window at the end of running many statements summarizing the details of execution (timing, statement type and count, etc).
  - The message "SQL Statement x of y <some sql...>" is still displayed in the results panel to indicate progress.
  - The history bar isn't updated during large script execution.

#### SQL Tab (Debug)

No Debug
  If checked then no debugging information is output from Squirrel.
JDBC Debug to Output Stream
  If checked tells the JDBC drivers to write debugging information to the JDBC Debug File. Depending on the JDBC driver you are using this may generate a lot of output and significantly slow down SQuirreL.
JDBC Debug to Writer
  If checked tells the JDBC drivers to write debugging information to the JDBC Debug File. Depending on the JDBC driver you are using this may generate a lot of output and significantly slow down SQuirreL.
JDBC Debug File
  If JDBC Debug is enabled then this (display only) setting is the file that the debug information will be written out to. If the file name is too long for the label then the full name will be displayed in a tooltip.

The JDBC Debug to Output Stream has been deprecated by JavaSoft in favour of the JDBC Debug To Writer option. However some older JDBC drivers may use the Output Stream rather than the Writer . Other drivers (such as the oracle 8 JDBC driver) may write different information to the Output Stream than they do to the Writer .

#### SQL Tab (SQL File)

Open in previous direcory When opening files in the SQL editor, sets the location in the file chooser to be the last directory that a script file was opened from.
Open in specified direcory When opening files in the SQL editor, sets the location in the file chooser to be the directory that is specified in the text field.

  ### Proxy Tab

  Proxy Tab (HTTP Proxy)
    Use Proxy
      If checked then a HTTP proxy server will be used for connecting to servers.
    Server
      The name (or IP address) of your proxy server.
    Port
      The port number to use on the proxy server.
    User
      The user name to use to log onto the proxy server.
    Password
      The password to use to log onto the proxy server.
    No Proxy For
      A list of servers (separated by |) that do not need to be accessed through your proxy server.
  Proxy Tab (SOCKS Proxy)
    Use Proxy
      If checked then a SOCKS proxy server will be used for connecting to servers.
    Server
      The name (or IP address) of your proxy server.
    Port
      The port number to use on the proxy server.

  ### Data Type Controls Tab

  The contents of this tab may change depending on what Plugins you have loaded. Plugins are allowed to define new Data Types or override the existing Data Types, and that may add or remove controls from this window. The following describes the standard Data Type controls with no changes made by any Plugins.

  Even with only the default Data Type Controls defined, there are still two screens of them to describe.

  #### BLOB (SQL Type 2004)

  Read contents when table is first loaded - If checked then the actual contents of the BLOB is read when the table is first loaded. This is usually not recommended because it usually degrades performance. If this is not checked, then the data will initally display as ">Blob<" in the table, and the entire contents will be read in and displayed when you click on that cell.

  Read - If reading the contents during initial table load, select whether to read the entire contents or just part of the data. If only part of the data is read, then the entire contents will be read when you click on that cell.

  (number) - When reading part of the data during inital table load, how many bytes to read.

  #### CLOB (SQL Type 2005)

  Read contents when table is first loaded - If checked then the actual contents of the CLOB is read when the table is first loaded. This is usually not recommended because it usually degrades performance. If this is not checked, then the data will initally display as ">Clob<" in the table, and the entire contents will be read in and displayed

  Read - If reading the contents during initial table load, select whether to read the entire contents or just part of the data. If only part of the data is read, then the entire contents will be read when you click on that cell.

  (number) - When reading part of the data during inital table load, how many characters to read.

  Show newlines as \n within cells - If checked, when the data contains newlines, the newlines will be displayed as "\n" within the cell. When unchecked, the newlines are ignored within the cell. The difference is between seeing:

          first line\nsecond line\nthird line
          and
          first linesecond linethird line

  Note that this option does not affect display in the Popup window, where newlines actually become new lines.

  #### CHAR, VARCHAR, LONGVARCHAR (SQL Types 1, 12, -1)

  Show newlines as \n within cells - If checked, when the data contains newlines, the newlines will be displayed as "\n" within the cell. When unchecked, the newlines are ignored within the cell. The difference is between seeing:

          first line\nsecond line\nthird line
          and
          first linesecond linethird line

  Note that this option does not affect display in the Popup window, where newlines actually become new lines.

  Allow LONGVARCHAR type to be used in WHERE clause - When checked, the LONGVARCHAR type is used in WHERE clauses just as other types. When unchecked, columns of type LONGVARCHAR are not used in the WHERE clause when performing edits in the cell data. This is necessary because some databases (e.g. Oracle, DB2) do not allow LONGVARCHAR data types to be used in WHERE clauses and generate odd error messages when they are seen.

  Limit size of strings read during initial table load ... - When checked, the amount of string data loaded during the initial table read is limited to a maximum size (see next field). When unchecked, the amount of data is not limited. (Note: This was originally built as a performance improvement, but the implementation actually reads all of the data from the DB in either case and just displays or does not display all of it, and thus may not make an impact on performance.) If the inital data read is limited, the entire data contents will be displayed when the user clicks on the cell.

  ... to max of - When limiting the size of the data, this defines how many characters to display.

  Limit read only on columns with these names: - When limiting the size of data during the initial table load, only apply the limit to columns with the names listed in this box. All other columns load all of the data. (This was built as a technology demo to show how Data Type Controls, which are global to all columns of the given SQL type(s), can be applied selectively to a limited set of columns.)

  #### SQL Other (SQL Type 1111)

  Read contents when table is first loaded and display as string - If checked then columns of this SQL Type will be read by Squirrel and displayed using the toString() function.
  Warning: Since fields of this data type are not known to Squirrel and have been explicitly defined as NOT being of a normal, known type, attempting to display them as Strings may result in unintelligable displays, and may cause exceptions during processing.

  #### Unknown DataTypes (non-standard SQL type codes)

  Read contents when table is first loaded and display as string - If checked then columns of this SQL Type will be read by Squirrel and displayed using the toString() function.
  Warning: Since fields of this data type are not known to Squirrel and have been explicitly defined as NOT being of a normal, known type, attempting to display them as Strings may result in unintelligable displays, and may cause exceptions during processing.

  #### Date (SQL Type 91)

  Use default format(yyyy-mm-dd) - If checked then dates will be displayed in the JDBC default format as shown. If unchecked, then the "locale-dependent" formats are made available.

  or locale-dependent format: - When not using the default format, this allows you to select from one of the other available formats.

  allow inexact format on input - If checked then Squirrel allows some flexibility when you type a new value for the field.

  #### Time (SQL Type 92)

  Use default format(hh:mm:ss) - If checked then times will be displayed in the JDBC default format as shown. If unchecked, then the "locale-dependent" formats are made available.

  or locale-dependent format: - When not using the default format, this allows you to select from one of the other available formats.

  allow inexact format on input - If checked then Squirrel allows some flexibility when you type a new value for the field.

  #### Timestamp (SQL Type 93)

  Use default format(yyyy-mm-dd hh:mm:ss.msec) - If checked then timestamps will be displayed in the JDBC default format as shown. If unchecked, then the "locale-dependent" formats are made available.

  or locale-dependent format: - When not using the default format, this allows you to select from one of the other available formats.

  allow inexact format on input - If checked then Squirrel allows some flexibility when you type a new value for the field.

  ### L&F Tab

  This tab is installed by the Look and Feel (L&F) plugin which is part of the "standard" plugin set. If you didn't choose to install the "standard" plugins then this tab will not appear.

  #### L&F Tab (General)

  Allow L&F to set tilebar and window borders - allows you to specify whether the Look and Feel can set these, otherwise the Window Manager will set them. This setting only takes effect for newly created windows.

  #### L&F Tab (Look and Feel)

  Look And Feel - allows you to specify which L&F family to use. This setting only takes effect for newly created windows.

  Theme - If the selected L&F supports themes, this allows you to specify which one to use

  ### Fonts Tab

  #### Fonts Tab (Fonts)

  Menus - If enabled this will override the default font with the selected font for menus/menu items in the toolbar and the popup menu. Pictured below is the main frame menubar with Ravie 12-point Bold font.

  Static Text - If enabled this will override the default font with the selected font for labels on Tabs and Object Tree Nodes. The picture below shows a session window with Ravie 12-point Bold font.

  Status Bars - If enabled this will override the default font with the selected font for labels on status bars. The picture below shows a session window status bar and the main application status bar with Ravie 12-point Bold font.

  Other - If enabled this will override the default font with the selected font for labels in many places not already covered by the preceding settings. The picture below shows "other" labels with Ravie 12-point Bold font.

  The font tab is also installed by the Look and Feel (L&F) plugin which is part of the "standard" plugin set. If you didn't choose to install the "standard" plugins then this tab will not appear. There may be other tabs present in the Global Preferences dialog (plugin-specific) which are not listed here. See the plugin documentation for details. For preference tabs installed by plugins, the tab name should match the plugin name.

  ## New Session and Session Properties

  The "New Session Properties" dialog allows you to specify settings for future session. To change the settings for existing sessions use the "Session Properties" menu option. The descriptions included here are for the tabs created by the core product. Plugins may add other tabs to this window. See the Plugin-specific help for descriptions of the tabs added by that plugin.

  ### General Tab

  #### General Tab (Appearance)

  Show Tool Bar - If checked then display a toolbar on the session window.

  Main Tabs - Defines where the Main tabs (ie: "Objects" and "SQL") in the session window go relative to the data being displayed. This may be set to top, bottom, left or right.

  Object Tabs - Defines where the tabs in the Object window (eg: Metadata, Contents, Status, etc.) go relative to the data being displayed. This may be set to top, bottom, left or right.

  SQL Execution Tabs - Defines where the tabs for the sets of results from SQL execution in the SQL window go relative to the data being displayed. This may be set to top, bottom, left or right.

  SQL Results Tabs - Defines where the tabs within a single SQL result window ("Results", "Metadata" and "Info") go relative to the data being displayed. This may be set to top, bottom, left or right.

  #### General Tab (Output)

  Meta Data - Specify the output type (text, read-only table, or editable table) for meta data displays.

  Table Contents - Specify the output type (text, read-only table, or editable table) for the Contents tab in the Ojbect display.

  SQL Results - Specify the output type (text, read-only table, or editable table) for SQL result displays. (Note that there are additional limits on what can or cannot be edited in the results of SQL queries, so setting this to "Editable table" may not result in an editable output for any given query. See Editing the SQL Results for details.)

  ### Object Tree Tab

  #### Object Tree Tab (Object Tree)

  Load Schemas/Catalogs into object tree - If checked then the global DB information is automatically loaded into the Object Tree view of the Database. This is useful for navigating the entire Database contents, but it may cause an unacceptable performance penalty, e.g. when using Squirrel for remote access through a low-bandwidth connection.

  Show Row Count for Tables (can slow application) - If checked then when a table is opened the number of rows in the table is included in parentheses after the name of the table in the message bar at the bottom of the Squirrel windows. If not checked, then the number is not shown. Showing the number may slow the application. The number is still available by using the "Row Count" tab in the Object view.

  Contents - Limit rows [number] rows - If checked then the number of rows read from the table is limited to the number in the text box, which may be adjusted as needed. If not checked, then Squirrel will attempt to read the entire table.

  #### Object Tree Tab (Filters)

  Limit Schema Objects using these comma-delimited prefixes: - Limit the list of objects shown in the Object Tree to only those with Schema names that start with the entries in this box. If the box is empty, then no limiting is done and all objects are shown.

  Limit Catalog Objects using these comma-delimited prefixes: - Limit the list of objects shown in the Object Tree to only those with Catalog names that start with the entries in this box. If the box is empty, then no limiting is done and all objects are shown.

  Object Filter - Limit the list of objects shown in the Object Tree to only those with names that match the pattern specified in this box.

  ### SQL Tab

  #### SQL Tab (SQL)

  Auto Commit - If checked then all SQL will be automatically committed after it is executed. If unchecked then you will be able to use the "Commit" and "Rollback" options on the "Session" menu.

  Show SQL Results MetaData (can slow application) - If checked then the MetaData associated with the results of an SQL query will be read and made available to the user. This may slow down Squirrel operation, espcially when being used over low-speed connections. If unchecked, then the MetaData will not be avilable for the SQL query results.

  SQL Results - Limit Rows [number] rows - If SQL - Limit rows is checked then only the number of rows specified in the rows will be displayed for an SQL query.

  Abort on Error - If checked then when executing multiple commands in a single sequence, if one of the commands returns an error, then the sequence is aborted at that point. If not checked, then the SQL commands following the one with the error are executed anyway.

  Statement Separator - The character used to separate SQL statements in the SQL entry area.

  Start of Line Comment - The character that specifies that the line in the SQL entry area is a comment and should not be passed to the database for execution.

  #### SQL Tab (SQL Entry Area)

  Font - The Font button allows you to specify the font to be used in the SQL entry area.

  #### SQL Tab (SQL History)

  Share SQL History - if checked then the SQL history is shared accross all Sessions. If not, then the history is kept for this Session only.

  Limit SQL History Combo Size [number] - if checked then limit the number of lines of SQL available in the SQL History Combo box (pull down list above the SQL command entry area) to the (adjustable) number given.

  ## Scripting

  SQuirreL provides a wide range of scripting functions:

  - You may create DDL scripts for tables out of the Object tree or from the Graph plugin. The scripts contain all constraints and indexes.

  - You may create Insert scripts out of the Object tree for all of a table's data.

  - You may create an insert script from an SQL Select statement. To do so in the SQL editor hit the `ctrl + t` shortcut to open the tools popup. Then choose the sql2ins function from the popup.

  - You may export the result of an SQL Select statement directly into a file. To do so in the SQL editor hit the `ctrl + t` shortcut to open the tools pop-up. Then choose the sql2file function from the pop-up. Alternative, you can do this via the menu entry Session => Scripts => Store result of SQL in file

  - You may store the result of an from an SQL Select statement in a temporary table. To do so in the SQL editor hit the `ctrl + t` shortcut to open the tools popup. Then choose the sql2table function from the popup.

  - You may export the result of the currently selected SQL Select statement directly into a file. To do so, select a SQL Select statement in the SQL editor and hit the `ctrl + t` shortcut to open the tools pop-up. Then choose the sql2file function from the pop-up. Alternative, you can do this via the menu entry Session => Scripts => Store result of SQL in file

    After this, the control dialog appears. This dialog allows you to specify various options including the target file and options such as the data format. Be careful when choosing the MS Excel format as it requires the entire result set to be stored in memory. In this case, if the result set is large, SQuirreL SQL may run out of memory.
    The export is done on a new database connection, so the user can continue using SQuirreL SQL while exporting the data. A progress monitor shows the progress of the export and you can cancel it any time. When the export is complete, the progress dialog will be hidden.
  Running query output directly into a file
  To run query output directly into a file use the following syntax:
  `@file '/tmp/customers.xlsx' SELECT * FROM customers`
  This will write the result of 'SELECT * FROM customers' to the file '/tmp/customers.xlsx'. The settings for the output will be taken from the export dialog shown above.
  Please note the single quotes around the file name.
  Also note: Existing files will be replaced.
  To create an MS-Excel workbook file with multiple sheets use the following syntax:
  `@msExcelWorkbook 'C:/tmp/out.xlsx'
  @sheet 'Orders' SELECT * FROM orders;
  @sheet 'Stores' SELECT * FROM stores;
  ` where the ";" may need to be replaced by the SQL separator in use.

  ## Data Import

  ### Thorsten Mürell

  Data import allows to import arbitrary files into existing tables of the database. Currently, the following types of files are supported:

  - Microsoft Excel files
  - Comma separated files (CSV)

  Both file formats offer you some selections to choose the sheet (Excel) or the seperator and file encoding (CSV).

  To import a file, right-click a table and choose "Import file" from the menu.

  After that you can map the table's columns to the columns of the import file. At the top of dialog you firstly choose, if the first row contains the column headers. Then you can associate the existing table columns with the import file columns. You also have several "special" options:

  - Skip: This column is not used. The default value of the database will be used.
  - NULL: This column will be set to NULL.
  - Fixed value: This column will be set to fixed value, that you can specify in the third column named "Fixed Value".
  - Auto increment: This column will be incremented by one each insert. You can specify the start value by typing a number into the "Fixed Value" column.

  ## Plugins

  A plugin is an application written in Java that runs within SQuirreL. This allows developers to enhance the functionality of SQuirreL without having to rebuild the SQuirreL application itself. It also allows you to "pick and choose" the functionality that you want in SQuirreL. For instance if you don't use Oracle then you don't need the Oracle specific functionality supplied by the Oracle plugin.

  All supported plugins are available in the install jar and can be installed at the same time when installing SQuirreL, or at any time afterward. Third-party plugins can be installed by unpacking the archive file (*.zip, *.gz) into the plugins directory within the SQuirreL application directory keeping the directory structure. To use the plugin you will need to restart SQuirreL. The SQuirreL project team no longer makes individual plugins available for download.

  The "Summary" option on the "Plugins" menu will display a dialog box showing the plugins currently installed.

  ## Logs

  SQuirreL writes messages to a file called a log file as SQuirreL is being used. These messages can provide additional details and clues about what SQuirreL is doing internally and are very useful for debugging problems. The main log file that SQuirreL writes to called squirrel-sql.log, and is located in the user's home directory in a "log" folder just below the private SQuirreL user preference folder called ".squirrel-sql". You may access this log file at any time from within SQuirreL be opening the log viewer which can be done in one of two ways:
  1. Click on the menu sub-item located in "Windows" -> "View SQuirreL Logs", or
  2. Click the Monitor icon located in the status bar at the bottom of the window as shown in the following image:

  The log status section (at the bottom of the window in the status bar) displays a count of how many Errors, Warnings and Info (informational) messages there are currently in the log. The icon to the left of the Monitor icon discussed above is the last message display button. It's color will change from light blue to red any time the last log message contains an error. This button displays the last message when clicked and for most errors it also provides a stack trace of the exception encountered (if there was one). This information can be invaluable for the developers in tracking down the cause of the error.

  ## Menus

  ### File Menu

  Global Preferences
    Displays the Global Preferences dialog.
  New Session Properties
    Displays the New Session Properties dialog.
  Dump Application
    This option will dump some internal structures of the application to a text file along with a dump of all the currently open sessions. This may be useful for debugging problems with SQuirreL.
  Exit
    Exit the application after closing all sessions.

  ### Drivers Menu

  New Driver
    Displays a dialog allowing you to specify a new JDBC driver.
  Modify Driver
    Displays a dialog allowing you to modify an existing JDBC driver.
  Delete Driver
    Allows you to delete an existing JDBC driver.
  Copy Driver
    Copies the JDBC driver currently selected in the Drivers list and displays it as a new driver in the driver maintenance dialog
  Install Default Driver Definitions
    Copies entries from the default JDBC driver definitions that ships with SQuirreL to the Drivers List. If the driver definition is already in the list then the default one will not be copied.

  ### Aliases Menu

  Connect
    Display a connection dialog allowing you to connect to the specified alias.
  New Alias
    Displays a dialog allowing you to specify a new alias.
  Modify Alias
    Displays a dialog allowing you to modify an existing alias.
  Delete Alias
    Allows you to delete an existing alias.
  Copy Alias
    Copies the alias currently selected in the ALiases list and displays it as a new alias in the alias maintenance dialog.

  ### Plugins Menu

  Summary
    Displays a dialog showing the installed plugins.

  ### Session Menu

  Session Properties
    This option will display the Session Properties dialog allowing you configure your current session. More.
  Dump Session
    This option will dump some internal structures of the current session to a text file. This may be useful for debugging problems with SQuirreL.
  Refresh Tree
    This option will refresh the object tree.
  Run SQL
    This option will run the current SQL in the SQL entry area. More.
  Commit
    This option will commit the current SQL transaction. This is only applicable if "Auto Commit" has been turned off in the Session Properties.
  Rollback
    This option will rollback the current SQL transaction. This is only applicable if "Auto Commit" has been turned off in the Session Properties.
  Goto Previous Results Tab
    This option will select the Results Set tab to the left of the currently selected one. If the leftmost tab is currently selected then the rightmost tab will be selected.
  Goto Next Results Tab
    This option will select the Results Set tab to the left of the currently selected one. If the rightmost tab is currently selected then the leftmost tab will be selected.
  Show Native SQL
    This option will append the native SQL for the current JDBC SQL into the SQL entry area. E.G. If you enter the following in an Oracle session

                   select * from table1 where entered_date = {d'2002-12-01'}

    and take this option then the following will be appended to the SQL entry area.

                   select * from table1 where entered_date = TO_DATE ('2002-12-01', 'YYYY-MM-DD')

  Reconnect
    Close the current connection to the database and reopen it using the same user name and password.
  Close Session
    Close the current connection to the database and close the session window.
  Close All SQL Result Tabs
    Close all SQL results displayed in the tabbed folder for the current session.
  Close All SQL Result Windows
    Close all SQL results windows "torn off" from the tabbed folder for the current session
  Limit cell edit WHERE clause size
    This allows you to select specific columns to use as the key field when updating the DB after you edit a cell in a table. The purpose of thi is to reduce the size of the WHERE clause, which normally includes all field in the table. For tables with many columns, or with columns containing lon data entries (not including BLOB/CLOB fields, which are handled differently) the automatically generated WHERE clause may exceed the DBMS length limitation You may move column names between the "use columns" and "not use columns" boxe by selecting the names and using the arrow buttons to move them to the other box You must leave at least one column in the "use columns" box, and the column in the "use columns" box must be sufficient to uniquely identify each row in the table, e.g. the primary key fields for the table The "Reset" button restores the column name lists to the way they were when you opened the window Remember to click "OK" when you are done If you define a set of columns to use in the WHERE clause and then edit some other column, SQuirreL will warn you that "1 duplicate row" is about to be created. Since you have told SQuirreL to not look at the edited column it does no recognize that the new data is different than the old data so it gives you a warning. In this case there is no problem and you should just tell SQuirreL to go ahead with the update.

  ### Windows Menu

  View Aliases
    Display the list of aliases that define a connection to a database.
  View Drivers
    Display the list of drivers.
  View SQuirreL Logs
    Display the execution logs for SQuirreL.
  Tile
    Tile the open session windows.
  Cascade
    Cascade the open session windows.
  Maximize
    Maximize the open session windows.
  Close All Sessions
    Close all existing sessions.

  ### Help Menu

  Help
    Displays this Help File.
  FAQ
    Displays the Frequently Asked Questions file.
  Change Log
    Displays the development history of SQuirreL.
  Licence
    Displays the licence for SQuirreL.
  About
    Displays the About Box for SQuirrel.